Self-propelled graders are classified into two types according to their towing method: towed and self-propelled. They can be classified into mechanically controlled and hydraulically controlled types according to their operating method. They can be classified into integral frame type and articulated frame type according to their frame structure. They can be classified into four-wheel graders and six-wheel graders according to the number of wheels, drive wheel pairs, and steering wheel pairs. They can be classified into light, medium, and heavy-duty types according to blade length and engine power.
Self-propelled graders mainly consist of an engine, transmission system, braking system, steering system, hydraulic system, electrical system, operating system, front and rear axles, frame, working device, and cab. The frame is the main supporting and load-bearing component of the grader.
The working device includes a scraping device, a loosening device, and a bulldozing device, with the scraping device being the primary working device. The scraper can be raised, lowered, tilted, moved laterally, extended, and rotated 360° to complete tasks such as leveling, cutting, lateral soil removal, roadbed shaping, and slope trimming. The scraper has horizontal rotation, vertical tilting, and lateral movement functions. The front wheel tilting mechanism adjusts the wheel angle with the ground, improving stability on slopes.
The main performance parameters of a grader include: engine power, blade width and height, blade cutting depth, front axle swing angle, front wheel steering angle, front wheel tilt angle, minimum turning radius, maximum travel speed, maximum traction force, and total machine weight.
